For most travellers, the health concerns they have when travelling in Europe are fairly minor. We’ve all known someone who has spent too long in the sun and suffered burns, or who has eaten something which has given them food poisoning. This summer though things have changed, as it seems that the Zika virus, which is endemic in parts of South America and appears to be causing birth defects, is very likely to spread to Europe. How real a risk is Zika, and how can we protect ourselves?

World Health Organisation Advice

Zika is spread by the Aedes mosquito, which is only found in certain parts of Europe. The areas which are perceived to be at the highest risk are the Black Sea coasts of Russia and Georgia, and the Portuguese island of Madeira. At lesser risk are other warm parts of Europe including Spain, Italy and Greece. Cooler parts of Europe such as Scandinavia and the UK are not at risk of cases of Zika. As our knowledge about Zika virus and how it spreads develops, more advice is likely to be issued.

Don’t Get Bitten!

The WHO are advising governments to tackle sites where this particular species of mosquito breeds, and while this work is ongoing, there is a lot we can all do to protect ourselves. Pregnant women are thought to be at most risk when contracting Zika because of the effects on the developing baby, so preventing bites in the first place is key. Wear long clothing, use a strong insect repellent and use air conditioning to keep cool rather than opening doors and windows. Remember too that unlike other types of mosquito, the species which spreads Zika is active during daytime rather than just at dusk.

Seeking Medical Attention

Any sort of insect bites can be nasty, especially if you react badly with swelling and intense itching. A pharmacist can usually assist with less serious bites, but for more serious bites medical attention may be required. If Zika does take hold in Europe and a pregnant woman gets bitten, get advice urgently. EHIC cover will help you meet the costs of medical attention throughout the 32 countries which are part of the scheme. Present your EHIC cover and passport when visiting the GP or hospital, and you will either be treated free of charge or only asked to make a minimal contribution towards your care. If you are pregnant, seeing a midwife, obstetrician or having ultrasound scans and other diagnostic tests to check on the health of your baby are also covered under the EHIC scheme.

French Overseas Territories

Zika has yet to take hold in Europe, but it is already well established in the French overseas territories of Guadeloupe and Martinique. EHIC is valid on the islands too as they are considered part of France, but additional precautions should be taken, especially by pregnant women. Under EHIC rules, any state provided medical care on Guadeloupe or Martinique have to be paid locally, but you can claim back up to 70% of charges. Keep all receipts if you need to seek medical attention.